Proficiency 1: Briefly describe the history of constellations
The night sky is littered with stars, some of them grouping together, forming an image in the sky called a constellation. Our current list of 88 consatellations was determined in 1922 with the help of Henry Norris Russel by the International Astronomical Union, or IAU. Although these are the constellations that are seen today, not all cultures saw the same scenes played out in the sky.
In the Western World, the night sky is mostly divided up into stars that are typically of the Ancient Greek history. The first works of Ancient Greeks that dealt with the stars were in books. The first piece that documented the layout of the stars dates back to 700 B.C. This was a poem by Hesiod, and only few of what was written has been recovered. The most complete work of the constellations was done by the Greek-speaking, mathematician, geographer, astronomer, and astrologer Ptolemy in his Almagest. These are the 88 constellations that we see today.
Proficiency 1 - Analyzing Galaxies
I can analyze galaxies and the differences between galaxies. I will compare the Milky Way Galaxy to other types of galaxies.
Author's Note: This is my proficiency on the galaxies. In this proficiency I explain what the different types of galaxies are and how they compare to the Milky Way. Some of the struggles I had with this was finding information that consistent. I finally found some websites that had some of the same information, and then conjoined it onto a Glog.
If the Milky Way was to be an elliptical galaxy, all of the stars would be much closer to the our Solar System, and all of the planets would be equally spaced from each other and the sun. The stars would also be much older, which could be a problem because the stars could go into Supernova and this might cause a black hole to form. Since all of our planets would now be closer to this black hole, this could cause damage although the stars would still probably be several light years away.
Irregular galaxies are mostly made up of dust and gas, so having the Solar System in an irregular galaxy would most likely not be possible. These galaxies also have no obvious shape and this would be difficult for the Solar System to exist in because of the orbit paths of the planets.
I can analyze galaxies and the differences between galaxies. I will compare the Milky Way Galaxy to other types of galaxies.
Author's Note: This is my proficiency on the galaxies. In this proficiency I explain what the different types of galaxies are and how they compare to the Milky Way. Some of the struggles I had with this was finding information that consistent. I finally found some websites that had some of the same information, and then conjoined it onto a Glog.
If the Milky Way was to be an elliptical galaxy, all of the stars would be much closer to the our Solar System, and all of the planets would be equally spaced from each other and the sun. The stars would also be much older, which could be a problem because the stars could go into Supernova and this might cause a black hole to form. Since all of our planets would now be closer to this black hole, this could cause damage although the stars would still probably be several light years away.
Irregular galaxies are mostly made up of dust and gas, so having the Solar System in an irregular galaxy would most likely not be possible. These galaxies also have no obvious shape and this would be difficult for the Solar System to exist in because of the orbit paths of the planets.
- "CLASSIFICATION." Cornell Astronomy. N.p., n.d. Web. 5 Jan. 2011.
- "Meteorite Book: Glossary I." Welcome to www4.nau.edu. N.p., n.d. Web. 5 Jan. 2011.
- substantially, gas clouds in the other. The orbits of stars may be. "Galaxies." SDSS SkyServer DR7. N.p., n.d. Web. 5 Jan. 2011.
Proficiency 2 - Technology in Space
Author's Note: For this proficiency I decided that I would write an essay on the advancements in technology, what we have improved over the years, and on what may be up-coming in our technology to improve our knowledge of space.
I can identify key technological advancements that helped in making our knowledge of space expand. My research will show the past, but I will also predict what future advancements may stretch our limits even more.
Author's Note: For this proficiency I decided that I would write an essay on the advancements in technology, what we have improved over the years, and on what may be up-coming in our technology to improve our knowledge of space.
I can identify key technological advancements that helped in making our knowledge of space expand. My research will show the past, but I will also predict what future advancements may stretch our limits even more.
Technology in Space
We all see the pictures of our planet from outer space -- tiny against the background of the universe -- but many of us do not understand the beginning of how that picture appeared before us. The answer: technology. Outer space is a vast, unknown region for the people of Earth, but with technology this unknown is becoming the known.
Satellites are one of the greatest advancements in technology known to man, and without them we most certainly would not be where we are today with what we know about our planet and others. Satellites have studied oceans, the atmosphere, weather, ice sheets, and many other things on our planet since the first one went into orbit in 1957 by the Soviet Union. Satellites have helped us to understand that the pollution we put into our world is destroying our ozone layer, and satellites help us pinpoint exactly where the weaknesses in our atmosphere are. As well as the atmosphere, satellites have improved our preparing for the weather and helped us predict several natural disasters.
Besides satellites, telescopes are also some of the greatest inventions in space technology. Telescopes have provided huge advancements in our knowledge of space and have found many stars and even galaxies that are not visible to the human eye. Monitoring asteroids and comets are an important part of a telescopes job and could even protect our planet from future collisions with these space rocks. Solar flares on the sun are also something that telescopes have caused us to become familiar with. Solar flares are sometimes so powerful that they can cause damage on Earth and keeping an eye on these would be impossible to do without a telescope. Telescopes are used to see things very far away, but some telescopes can only see so far; this is where the Hubble Space Telescope is needed.
For future advancements in our knowledge of the universe is the upcoming space station Freedom. The goal of Freedom is to establish a small colony in space. NASA'S goal for Freedom is to conduct experiments on the effect of microgravity -- a state of being weightless or in very low gravity, like in space -- on living creatures. Also hoping to broaden our sights on space are a range of missions observing Earth, as well as robot and human exploring voyages to places like asteroids and even Mars. These missions hope to enlighten more about astronaut heath, communication technologies, and near-Earth environments.
- " Space Exploration Technology Trends, Aerospace & Robots | Technological Advances, News Articles | Space.com ." Space, NASA Information & News | Outer Space Flight Videos & Pictures | Astronomy, Solar System Images | Space.com . N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Jan. 2011.
- "The Space Place :: How have advances in space technology helped us on Earth?." The Space Place :: Home. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Jan. 2011.
- "FCC Satellite Learning Center." Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Home Page. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Jan. 2011.
- "Space Technology: Future ." thinkquest.org. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Jan. 2011.
Proficiency 3 - Our Solar System
I can analyze the origins of our solar system. Starting with the sun, my research will emphasize how our solar system formed, the differences between inner planets and outer planets, and analyze the future of our sun and the solar system.
Author's Note: With this movie I tried to focus on the forming of the Sun, the planets, and what the future holds for our Solar System. I concentrated on including how these things formed and why. For this proficiency, I created a MovieMaker. The video is quite long.. When I started I did not intend for it be a five minute movie, but that has ended up to be the final result.
Watch the video here:
Watch the video here:
Untitled from Autumn J on Vimeo.
Sources:
"Aerospaceweb.org | Ask Us - Names of the Planets." Aerospaceweb.org | Reference for Aviation, Space, Design, and Engineering. N.p., n.d. Web. 31 Jan. 2011. .
"An Endless Supply of Green Energy Coming from Europe: HiPER circa 2030." Inventions, Innovations and Interesting Ideas for the Inventor in All of Us. | InventorSpot. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Jan. 2011.
"Astroprof’s Page » Clouds in space." Astroprof’s Page. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Jan. 2011. .
Atkinson. "Stellar nucleosynthesis - The Full Wiki." The Full Wiki - Get the full picture on any topic. N.p., n.d. Web. 31 Jan. 2011. .
" Bible Prophecy Update | Archive | Science and the Bible ." Bible Prophecy Update | Prophecy News | Rapture | Revelation | Last Days | Return of Jesus | Armageddon | Bible Commentary . N.p., n.d. Web. 31 Jan. 2011. .
" Cat’s Eye Nebula. worst name ever for a Nebula. It got... - TBY." To Be Young Forums. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Jan. 2011. .
"CSA - Module 2: The Sun and Stars." Agence spatiale canadienne | Canadian Space Agency. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Jan. 2011. .
" How do Stars Form?." The Gemini Geek. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Jan. 2011. .
"LIFE ." life.com . N.p., n.d. Web. 31 Jan. 2011. .
"Lawn Furniture: I Can Hear The Stars." Lawn Furniture. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Jan. 2011. .
Liggett, Brit. "Home - Staple News." Home - Staple News. N.p., n.d. Web. 31 Jan. 2011. . \
location. "Planetary Nebula." Sound Click. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Jan. 2011. .
" Man Very Early Made… from a ring? – Ivan Semeniuk’s Embedded Universe." Dunlap Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics. N.p., n.d. Web. 31 Jan. 2011. .
"My Bryce Creations." Welcome to my world.... N.p., n.d. Web. 31 Jan. 2011. .
"NASA Images - Login." NASA Images . N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Jan. 2011. .
"New Planets - Crystalinks ." Crystalinks Home Page. N.p., n.d. Web. 31 Jan. 2011. .
"NASA Images - Login." NASA Images . N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Jan. 2011. .
"Our Solar System: Now 2 Million Years Older." Universe Today. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Jan. 2011. .
"Outer Planets." MWCS - Home of the YellowJackets. N.p., n.d. Web. 31 Jan. 2011. .
"Planets Forming Around a Sun-like Star - NASA Spitzer Space Telescope." NASA Spitzer Space Telescope. N.p., n.d. Web. 31 Jan. 2011. .
"Plentiful and Potential Planets." Astrobiology Magazine -- The Origin and Evolution of Life in the Universe . N.p., n.d. Web. 31 Jan. 2011. .
"Red Giant Sun in a Star Background." Cool Desktop Backgrounds. N.p., n.d. Web. 31 Jan. 2011. .
"Solar System - body, water, process, Earth, form, energy, gas, carbon, oxygen, waves, surface, Planets, Moons, Asteroids, Comets." Science Clarified. N.p., n.d. Web. 31 Jan. 2011. .
"Space." MWCS - Home of the YellowJackets. N.p., n.d. Web. 31 Jan. 2011. .
"The Unseen Sun Part Two | Scienceray." Scienceray | All That is Science, Astronomy, Biology, Chemistry, Mathematics, Physics. N.p., n.d. Web. 31 Jan. 2011. .
"Tom’s Astronomy Blog » Blog Archive » A Star Contained In A Nebula Contained In A Nebula With A Nebula." Tom’s Astronomy Blog . N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Jan. 2011. .
"Vista Dreaming >> Red Giant Master Dream." JoeUser.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 31 Jan. 2011. .
Wagner, Stephen. "October 2010." Phenomenica. N.p., n.d. Web. 31 Jan. 2011. .
"Weirdwarp - Atmospheres of the Earth and terrestrial planets.." Weirdwarp. N.p., n.d. Web. 31 Jan. 2011. .
"White Dwarfs." Ircamera As Arizona. N.p., n.d. Web. 31 Jan. 2011. .
"Why is Jupiter called a gas planet?." Windows to the Universe. N.p., n.d. Web. 31 Jan. 2011. .
veronica. "WatchMojo.com blogs - space - Sun." Untitled Document. N.p., n.d. Web. 31 Jan. 2011. .
Proficiency 4 - Theories of the Universe
I can effectively explain the different theories of the universe. I will discuss theories starting from Ancient Greece through the theories discussed in present day. I will analyze all theories and make a judgment based on my research on which is most valid.
Author's Note: In this video I focused on how the theories of the universe have evolved until now and are continuing to produce possible new theories. Unfortunately, while making this video I had technical difficulties and was not able to shorten the length of the slides or put pictures and music in, so the video is very lengthy. Sorry for the length, but enjoy the information!
Theories of the Universe from Autumn J on Vimeo.
Sources:
"Curious About Astronomy? Comets, Meteors and Asteroids." Curious About Astronomy? Ask an Astronomer. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2011..
Duffy, Dave. "Theories of the universe by Dave Duffy Issue #66." self-reliance | homesteading | backwoods | home | magazine. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2011..
"Physics and Math/Cosmology." Discover . N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Feb. 2011. >.
scientists. " THE BIG BANG ." University of Michigan. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2011..
time, Comet Halley in 1986. For the first, and actual images of an. "What is a Comet?." Views of the Solar System. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2011..
Proficiency 5- Comets, Asteroids, Meteors, and Moons
Author's Note: In this video I focused on how the theories of the universe have evolved until now and are continuing to produce possible new theories. Unfortunately, while making this video I had technical difficulties and was not able to shorten the length of the slides or put pictures and music in, so the video is very lengthy. Sorry for the length, but enjoy the information!
Theories of the Universe from Autumn J on Vimeo.
Sources:
"Curious About Astronomy? Comets, Meteors and Asteroids." Curious About Astronomy? Ask an Astronomer. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2011.
Duffy, Dave. "Theories of the universe by Dave Duffy Issue #66." self-reliance | homesteading | backwoods | home | magazine. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2011.
"Physics and Math/Cosmology." Discover . N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Feb. 2011.
scientists. " THE BIG BANG ." University of Michigan. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2011.
time, Comet Halley in 1986. For the first, and actual images of an. "What is a Comet?." Views of the Solar System. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2011.
Proficiency 5- Comets, Asteroids, Meteors, and Moons
I can analyze the differences between comets, asteroids, meteors and moons. I will research orbits and discuss differences of what we see from the Earth’s surface (phases). I will analyze the effect the moon’s orbit has on our planet. I will predict what would happen if Earth had a 2nd moon or the distance to the moon was increased or decreased.
Sources:
"Asteroids." School of Earth Sciences: University of Bristol. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Feb. 2011..
"Asteroid Toutatis." Windows to the Universe. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Feb. 2011..
"Comets." Cornell Astronomy. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Feb. 2011..
degrees., about 3. "Aerospaceweb.org | Ask Us - Moon Motion & Tides." Aerospaceweb.org | Reference for Aviation, Space, Design, and Engineering. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Feb. 2011..
"Full Moon." Universe Today. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Feb. 2011..
Ghaz, Mr, February 20, and 2011. "Birth of The Moon: Where Did It Come From? | Scienceray." Scienceray | All That is Science, Astronomy, Biology, Chemistry, Mathematics, Physics. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Feb. 2011..
"Goleta Air and Space Museum: The Moon." Air-and-Space.com, Home Page. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Feb. 2011..
"Great ball of fire! Shooting star spotted over Ireland sparks meteorite search | Mail Online." Home | Mail Online. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Feb. 2011..
Images, Stocktrek. "Waning Moon Posters." Movie Posters. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Feb. 2011..
"Look up tonight: Leonid Meteor Shower 2009! : Starts With A Bang." ScienceBlogs. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Feb. 2011.
"Met Ed Registration page ." Met Ed . N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Feb. 2011.
Movement. "Sliver of the Moon during the New Moon Phase in Dark Black Sky Photographic Print by Tim Laman at AllPosters.com." AllPosters.com - The World's Largest Poster and Print Store!. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Feb. 2011..
"NASA Updates: Enjoy The Best Meteor Shower of The Year." NASA Updates. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Feb. 2011..
" Planetary Remote Sensing -- The Exploration of Extraterrestial Bodies." Section 19. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Feb. 2011..
"The Night Sky November 2008." Jordell Bank Centre for Astrophysics . N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Feb. 2011..
"Waning Gibbous Moon Photos." John Chumack's astrophotography space photos, images, and prints. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Feb. 2011..
"Watch Two Moons with Naked Eye on 27th August, 2010 - Two Moons,Watch,Live,Time,Date,27th August,2010,Planet,Mars,Solar System,Moon,Night,2287 years,34.65 million years,watch two moons,Planet Mars,Planet Mars 2 moons,Mars Two Moons,Watch Two Moons India,t." Nihar's World - Mobile, India, News, Jailbreaking, Rooting, Android, iPhone, iPod Touch, iPad, Unlocking, Tips and Tricks. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Feb. 2011..
way, the, I have been going crazy for tangelos lately. When I walk into the corner market, their neon orange color just grabs me, they are 100% organic. I have just been giving in, having about 3-4 per day. The same with the strawberries... so bright red, juicy, and sweet! Tis the season for strawberries!. "HoopGirl Blog." Hooping, HoopDance - San Francisco California Area | HoopGirl. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Feb. 2011..
"Witchz Blog Of Supernatural: Waxing Moon Magick Workings." Witchz Blog Of Supernatural. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Feb. 2011..
" Waxing Crescent Moon." Adventures in Astrophotography. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Feb. 2011..
9, far the most famous comet is Comet Halley but SL. "Comets and Asteroids." Indiana University. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Feb. 2011..
Proficiency 6 - Black Holes
Sources:
"Asteroids." School of Earth Sciences: University of Bristol. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Feb. 2011.
"Asteroid Toutatis." Windows to the Universe. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Feb. 2011.
"Comets." Cornell Astronomy. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Feb. 2011.
degrees., about 3. "Aerospaceweb.org | Ask Us - Moon Motion & Tides." Aerospaceweb.org | Reference for Aviation, Space, Design, and Engineering. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Feb. 2011.
"Full Moon." Universe Today. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Feb. 2011.
Ghaz, Mr, February 20, and 2011. "Birth of The Moon: Where Did It Come From? | Scienceray." Scienceray | All That is Science, Astronomy, Biology, Chemistry, Mathematics, Physics. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Feb. 2011.
"Goleta Air and Space Museum: The Moon." Air-and-Space.com, Home Page. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Feb. 2011.
"Great ball of fire! Shooting star spotted over Ireland sparks meteorite search | Mail Online." Home | Mail Online. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Feb. 2011.
Images, Stocktrek. "Waning Moon Posters." Movie Posters. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Feb. 2011.
"Look up tonight: Leonid Meteor Shower 2009! : Starts With A Bang." ScienceBlogs. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Feb. 2011.
"Met Ed Registration page ." Met Ed . N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Feb. 2011.
Movement. "Sliver of the Moon during the New Moon Phase in Dark Black Sky Photographic Print by Tim Laman at AllPosters.com." AllPosters.com - The World's Largest Poster and Print Store!. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Feb. 2011.
"NASA Updates: Enjoy The Best Meteor Shower of The Year." NASA Updates. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Feb. 2011.
" Planetary Remote Sensing -- The Exploration of Extraterrestial Bodies." Section 19. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Feb. 2011.
"The Night Sky November 2008." Jordell Bank Centre for Astrophysics . N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Feb. 2011.
"Waning Gibbous Moon Photos." John Chumack's astrophotography space photos, images, and prints. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Feb. 2011.
"Watch Two Moons with Naked Eye on 27th August, 2010 - Two Moons,Watch,Live,Time,Date,27th August,2010,Planet,Mars,Solar System,Moon,Night,2287 years,34.65 million years,watch two moons,Planet Mars,Planet Mars 2 moons,Mars Two Moons,Watch Two Moons India,t." Nihar's World - Mobile, India, News, Jailbreaking, Rooting, Android, iPhone, iPod Touch, iPad, Unlocking, Tips and Tricks. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Feb. 2011.
way, the, I have been going crazy for tangelos lately. When I walk into the corner market, their neon orange color just grabs me, they are 100% organic. I have just been giving in, having about 3-4 per day. The same with the strawberries... so bright red, juicy, and sweet! Tis the season for strawberries!. "HoopGirl Blog." Hooping, HoopDance - San Francisco California Area | HoopGirl. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Feb. 2011.
"Witchz Blog Of Supernatural: Waxing Moon Magick Workings." Witchz Blog Of Supernatural. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Feb. 2011.
" Waxing Crescent Moon." Adventures in Astrophotography. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Feb. 2011.
9, far the most famous comet is Comet Halley but SL. "Comets and Asteroids." Indiana University. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Feb. 2011.
Proficiency 6 - Black Holes
I can research black holes. What are they? How do scientists find black holes? What are some theories regarding black holes? What is the line of singularity? What are some theories of what’s at the bottom of a black hole? Which theory do you think is most probable? Why
Author's Note: This proficiency was quite difficult to find information on because many of the theories about black holes were quite the same or far too outdated. While making this proficiency I tried to focus on explaining the mysterious details of a black hole, and how they fit into our complex universe.
Sources:
"BLACK HOLES by Ted Bunn." Berkeley Cosmology Group. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2011. .
"Black Holes ." Einstein, Still Right After All These Years. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Feb. 2011. .
"Black holes are the heart of galaxies | ZME Science." Science News, Science Research, Science Articles | ZME Science blog. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Feb. 2011. .
Bryner, Jeanna. " Black Holes: Solving Mysteries Creates More Mysteries | Space.com ." Space, NASA Information & News | Outer Space Flight Videos & Pictures | Astronomy, Solar System Images | Space.com . N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Feb. 2011. .
"Curious About Astronomy: How are black holes discovered?." Curious About Astronomy? Ask an Astronomer. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2011. .
"Every Black Hole Contains Another Universe?." Daily Nature and Science News and Headlines | National Geographic News. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2011. .
Magnan, Christian. " Relativity Files - Cetin BAL - GSM:+90 05366063183 - Turkey/Denizli." Zamanda Yolculuk - Zamanyolculugu - Zaman Tüneli - Zaman Makinasi. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Feb. 2011. .
" New gamma-ray burst smashes cosmic distance record | STFC." Welcome to the STFC. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Feb. 2011. .
"Watch worm hole videos | Music Videos, Politics, and Comedy Videos at TvDigg." Watch Home | Music Videos, Politics, and Comedy Videos at TvDigg. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Feb. 2011. .
"What is all the Mystery behind Black Holes?." Online Star Register – Search the Star Register @ OSR.org!. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2011. .
words, the theory simply shifts the original creation event into an alternate reality.In other. "World of Mystery: Black Hole - a Doorways into Alternate Realities." World of Mystery. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Feb. 2011. .
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